Just what are some of these traditions? Some of these Churches that use leavened bread mostly in the Byzantine Rite and even some that use unleavened bread as Latin Catholics do i. Other traditions include sacramentals such as prayer ropes or chotki , and different devotional prayers like the Jesus Prayer. These are all things that might seem a bit foreign to many Latin Catholics. Pope St. The East and West are part of the same Body.
Therefore, the entire Church should appreciate and respect the valid gifts and traditions that are breathed from both traditions. John Paul elaborated further in his apostolic letter Orientale Lumen emphasis added :. The Church is One, but the diversity that we find within it is truly something to be celebrated and cherished by all Catholics. Correction: The original image for this post contained Anglican and Orthodox Christians, and not Catholics. The Ascension Blog regrets the error.
The original version of this article was first published on Catholic Nicholas is a cradle Catholic and hopes to give a unique perspective on life in the Church as a millennial.
His favorite saints include his patron St. Nicholas, St. Ignatius of Loyola, St. Thomas Aquinas, St. John Mary Vianney, and St. Athanasius of Alexandria.
The photo on this article, while a very interesting and historically important one, is of Bishop Charles Chapman Grafton, the Episcopal Bishop of Fond du Lac WI along with the other Episcopal bishops and Eastern Orthodox guests at the consecration of a new Episcopal bishop. I always understood that while there is one Catholic Church, you cannot just receive communion from any other rite.
For example, Latin rite requires I only receive communion at Eastern church in emergencies where I cannot receive Latin rite communion…. Nick is correct. As all the Eastern Catholic churches are in communion with Rome, you can attend any of them and both receive the Eucharist and fulfill your obligation.
This is incorrect. When it comes to the Orthodox Churches, we as Catholics of any rite are not encouraged to receive Holy Communion at the Orthodox Churches because we are not in full union with them. There are specific cases where it would be permissible since the Orthodox Churches have valid sacraments.
In any case, you are certainly free to partake of the sacraments at any time in the Eastern Catholic Churches. I hope this clears up the confusion. I am Syro — Malabar Catholic living in Edmonton area, but I will go for Latin church every day except on Sunday and receive all Holy Sacraments from Latin Church just because I have a Latin Church near by my place and will participate in Syro-Malabar church every Sundays and the very beautiful thing in Syro-Malabar church is that there is Catechism classes for kids to develop their faith too.
You can receive from another rite. What you cannot do is change rite without the dispensation from Rome. But you can receive the sacraments and attend mass. Other Posts. Related Articles More From Author. Catholic Herald November Issue. A hymn to English church music.
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Catholic Herald Party. Investigate offences to prevent future scandals. The Patriarchal Eastern Catholic Churches elect and consecrate their own patriarch completely independent of the pontiff; letters of official communion are exchanged after the installation. Other Churches simply submit a list of eligible candidates to Rome for consideration.
A final note: Any discussion of Eastern Catholicism necessarily involves ecclesiastical language alien to Latin Catholics. See the sidebar for definitions of important Eastern Church terms. There may have once been other Western Catholic Churches, but over time, they were absorbed into the direct jurisdiction of the Latin Church. In response to Protestantism, the Latin Church consolidated the various Western practices into what became known as the Tridentine Rite. Catholics there suffered persecution until the conversion of King Tridates IV made Armenia the first Christian state in history.
The missionary work of St. Gregory the Illuminator resulted in an alphabet and translations of Greek and Syrian texts. While Armenians attended the first three ecumenical councils, they weren't represented at the Fourth Ecumenical Council of Chalcedon, which condemned their faith in St. Cyril's definition of "One nature of the Word of God incarnate.
Until the Muslim conquests, Byzantine emperors attempted to impose reunion on the Armenians with some success.
Nevertheless, the Armenian Church continued to develop independently with its identity as a people centered on its own language and ecclesial body. When the Byzantines pushed back the Muslims in , they again attempted reunion, only to be rebuffed. Serious discussion with the Byzantine Church began in , but the Armenians established union with the Latin Crusader states in This union wasn't recognized by those outside of Cilicia.
And while Armenians were present at the Council of Florence in , it had no lasting results. The vicious persecution and genocide in Turkey at the end of World War I decimated the Armenians, and the Church was later brutally suppressed under communism. Only with independence in have communities of Armenian Catholics begun to resurface. The Egyptian Church was founded by the apostle Mark a gospel writer and disciple of Peter martyred around 63 A. His see was the first Church to develop a strong centralized hierarchy, and the succession from Mark continues to this day.
The term Coptic is Arabic, derived from the Greek word for Egyptian. Interestingly enough, the Alexandrian patriarch is the only other patriarch to have the title of pope, and until the Council of Chalcedon, the see of Mark was second in primacy after Rome.
Cyril of Alexandria's doctrine of "One incarnate nature of Christ" though there were also political issues regarding their opposition to growing Byzantine domination. Persecutions intended to force acceptance of the Council of Chalcedon only reinforced their resistance.
Eventually a succession of Byzantine popes had a small following in the city of Alexandria, and the majority native Coptic popes resided in the desert monastery of St.
After the Arab invasion in , the Coptic Church went into decline. Islamic rule brought persecution as well as some periods of relative freedom. The Church has continued to grow, despite recent attacks by Islamic militants and the exodus of those faithful looking for a better life in the West.
While the Coptic Church attended the Council of Florence and agreed to union, it had no concrete results. Other attempts at reunification occurred in and but were also unsuccessful. During these failed attempts, many Coptic bishops and faithful did enter union with Rome. For this reason, the Coptic Catholic Church was organized in when the Coptic bishop of Jerusalem became Catholic.
Monasticism began in the Egyptian desert. While there are no Coptic Catholic monasteries to rival those of the Coptic Orthodox, there are religious orders modeled on Western communities involved in educational, medical, and charitable activities.
Judaism was practiced by some Ethiopians before the arrival of Christianity, and pocket communities of Jewish Ethiopians still exist. The Church there is unique in retaining circumcision, dietary laws, and both Saturday and Sunday Sabbath.
When Emperor Ezana converted to Christianity in the fourth century, St. Athanasius of Alexandria ordained the bishops for the Ethiopians. Later, in , those who opposed the Council of Chalcedon fled to Ethiopia from Rome, Constantinople, and Syria and evangelized the pagans they found there. From the time of Athanasius, Ethiopian bishops were routinely appointed by the Coptic patriarch. In , Emperor Haile Selassie reached an agreement with the Coptic Church to establish an autonomous Ethiopian patriarch.
And so, Ethiopian Orthodoxy became the state religion until the communist revolution. A century later, under attack from the Muslims, the emperor requested military aid from the Portuguese. Sadly, union lasted only ten years after the forced Latinization of the liturgy, customs, and discipline resulted in open bloodshed. Catholic missionary activity resumed during the Italian occupation of Eritrea and Ethiopia, but the current structure of the Ethiopian Catholic Church wasn't established until Unique among the Eastern Churches, the Maronite Church is entirely Catholic with no corresponding Orthodox Church; it has never broken union with Rome.
The Eucharist is a variation of the Syriac liturgy of St. Notably, this Church maintains the Eucharistic narrative in Aramaic the actual language of Christ. The Maronites trace their origin to a group of disciples of the hermit St.
Maron and their founding of a great monastery midway between Aleppo and Antioch. They were fervent supporters of the Chalcedonian definition of "two natures of Christ," and in , a synod in Constantinople made the monastery of Bet Maroun the head of the entire monastic community in northern Syria. The Maronites suffered brutal persecution at the hands of the non-Chalcedonian Orthodox, while the Muslim Arab rulers of Syria punished all contacts with the Byzantines. When the Byzantine see of Antioch fell vacant, the Maronites proclaimed their own bishop as "Patriarch of Antioch and all the East.
In , the Crusaders received a warm welcome from the Maronites, and their patriarch attended the Fourth Lateran Council in , receiving formal Latin acceptance as the head of the Maronite Church. With the encouragement of Vatican II, the Maronite Church revised its missal to return to many of the traditions and customs that had been lost.
Since then, the patriarch has ordered all the clergy to wear the original Syriac vestments and has instituted several other Syriac reforms. The Assyrian or Chaldean Church was established in Edessa in the first century. After the area was conquered by the Persians, the Church organized itself around a Catholic patriarch in the Persian royal capital at Seleucia-Ctesiphon.
While Christians were persecuted by the pagan Roman Empire, they were welcomed into the Persian Empire. This Church was represented at the Council of Nicea but not at later ecumenical councils once the Roman Empire adopted Christianity, the Persian Christians needed to avoid suspicion as Roman collaborators. The Chaldeans always favored the Antiochian school of Christology and welcomed the influx of Nestorian Christians, who were both condemned by the third Ecumenical Council of Ephesus and expelled by Emperor Zeno.
Eastern Churches, listed below, are generally grouped in five liturgical traditions: I. These churches are still sometimes labeled as "uniate" churches, but that is a term that leaders and members of those churches avoid and generally regard as derogatory.
On the history and challenges of the term, see Robert F. Sebastian India Stes.
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